Narration Rules in Bangla

Narration এর সাধারণত দুটি অংশ থাকে-

i) Reporting verb

ii) Reported speech

i) Reporting verb: Narration এর মধ্যে যে অংশটিতে say/says/said verb থাকে ঐ অংশটিকে Reporting verb বলে। Reporting verb টি প্রথমে থাকতে পারে আবার শেষেও থাকতে পারে।

ii) Reported speech: Narration এর মধ্যে যে অংশটিতে inverted comma থাকে ঐ অংশটিকে Reported speech বলে।

যেমন:

i) My father said to me, "You will go there timely."

First part = Reporting verb.

Second part = Reported speech.

ii) "You will do well in the examination." Said the teacher.

First part = Reported speech

Second part = Reporting verb.

N.B: Reporting verb টি শেষে থাকলেও indirect করার সময় তা প্রথমে আনতে হয়।

Narration করার সূত্রঃ

a) Reported Speech এর Sentence অনুযায়ী Reporting verb এর পরিবর্তন।

b) Reported Speech এর Sentence অনুযায়ী যুক্ত করণ।

c) Person পরিবর্তন অনুযায়ী Reported Speech এর Subject পরিবর্তন।

d) Reporting Verb এর Tense অনুযায়ী Reported Speech এর Verb এর Tense পরিবর্তন।

e) Possessive case/Object/Adverb/অন্যান্য Word এর পরিবর্তন।

Tense পরিবর্তনের নিয়মঃ

‍a) Reporting verb টি Present Indefinite/Future indefinite/Present Perfect tense হলে Reported Speech এর verb এর কোন tense পরিবর্তন হয় না।

b) Reporting Verb টি Past হলে এবং Reported Speech এর verb টি Present থাকলে Indirect করার সময় Reported Speech এর verb টি Past (V2) হয়।

c) Reporting Verb টি Past হলে এবং Reported Speech এর verb টিও Past থাকলে Indirect করার সময় Reported Speech এর verb টি Past Perfect (had+V3) হয়।

সংক্ষেপে:

a) Present indefinite/future indefinite/present perfect = No change of the tense of the verb of reported speech.

b) Past + present = past (V2).

c) Past + past = past perfect (had +V3).

Person পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম বা Reported Speech এর Subject নির্ণয়ঃ

a) Reported Speech এর subject টি first person হলে Reporting verb এর subject অনুযায়ী subject হয়।

b) Reported Speech এর subject টি second person হলে Reporting verb এর object অনুযায়ী subject হয়।

c) Reported Speech এর subject টি third person হলে indirect করার সময় ঐ Reported Speech এর subject এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

Adverbs ও অন্যান্য words এর পরিবর্তনঃ

Direct	Indirect
This	That
These	Those
Thus	So
Now	Then
Here	There
Hence	Thence
Come	Go
Must	Had to/Must
Today	That day
Tomorrow	The next day
Yesterday	The previous day
Last night	The previous night
Last week	The previous week
Last month	The previous month
Last year	The previous year
Sir	Respectfully
It	It
Should	Should

Narration change

Assertive Sentence Narration করার নিয়মঃ

a) Say এর পরিবর্তে say/tell হয় অথবা says এর পরিবর্তে Says/tells হয় অথবা said এর পরিবর্তে said/told হয় অথবা said to এর পরিবর্তে said to/told হয়।

b) That দ্বারা যোগ করতে হয়।

c) Reported speech এর subject পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

d) Reported speech এর verb পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

e) Case/adverb পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

N.B: Said এর পরে object না থাকলে said কে said রাখা উত্তম।

Narration examples with answers

Assertive narration examples

i) Direct: Emon says to Sumon, "You are a good student.”

Indirect: Emon says to Sumon that he (S) is a good student.

ii) Direct: Jolly will say, "I have seen the picture."

Indirect: Jolly will say that she has seen the picture.

iii) Direct: Salam said to Salma, "He has done the work.”

Indirect: Salam said to Salma that he had done the work.

iv) Direct: Promi said, "I was sick."

Indirect: Promi said that she had been sick.

v) Direct: Tania said to Sonia, "You did the work."

Indirect: Tania told Sonia that she (S) had done the work.

vi) Direct: Prodip said to Sudip, "I must help the poor."

Indirect: Prodip told Sudip that he (P) had to help the poor.

vii) The man said," Honesty is the best policy. "

Indirect: The man said that honesty is the best policy.

Interrogative Sentence Narration করার নিয়মঃ

a) Said/Said to এর পরিবর্তে asked হয়।

b) If/WH words দ্বারা যোগ করতে হয়।

c) Reported speech এর Subject পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

d) Reported speech এর Verb পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

e) Case/adverb পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

f) প্রশ্নবোধক চিহ্ন টি বাদ যায় এবং ফুল স্টপ বসে।

N: B: Reported Speech টি সাহায্যকারী verb দিয়ে শুরু হলে If দিয়ে যোগ করতে হয়। আর WH words দিয়ে শুরু হলে ঐ WH words দিয়ে যোগ করতে হয়। আর Reported Speech টি Affirmative Interrogative Sentence হলে do, does ও did বাদ যায়।

Interrogative narration examples

i) Direct: Ashik said to Akash, "Do I send you a message?”

Indirect: Ashik asked Akash if he (As) sent him(Ak) a message.

ii) Direct: Bimol said to Samol, “Does he play cricket?”

Indirect: Bimol asked Samol if he played cricket.

iii) Direct: Tonni said, "Did you read more?"

Indirect: Tonni asked if I had read more.

iv) Direct: Sumaiya said to me, “When will you reach the station?"

Indirect: Sumaiya asked me when I would/should reach the station.

v) Direct: Sharmin said to you, “Why was he shouting?

Indirect: Sharmin asked you why he had been shouting.

vi) Direct: Rekha said to Romjan, “Where did you go yesterday?”

Indirect: Rekha asked Romjan where he (Ro) had gone the previous day.

Rules of narration in Bangla

Imperative Sentence Narration করার নিয়মঃ

a) Said এর পরিবর্তে আদেশ বোঝালে ordered, উপদেশ বোঝালে advised, অনুরোধ বোঝালে requested এবং নিষেধ বোঝালে forbade হয়।

b) To দ্বারা যোগ করতে হয় ৷

c) V1 বসে।

d) Case/adverb পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

N.B: Reported Speech হতে do not/don't বাদ যায়।

Imperative narration examples

i) Direct: The teacher said to the student, "Do the work."

Indirect: The teacher ordered the student to do the work.

ii) Direct: Father said to his son, “Always speak the truth.”

Indirect: Father advised his son to speak the truth always.

iii) Direct: Sumi said, "Give me a book."

Indirect: Sumi requested to give her a book.

iv) Direct: Sujon said to Bijon, "Don't tell a lie."

Indirect: Sujon forbade Bijon to tell a lie.

v) Direct: My father said to me, "Read more to do well in the exams."

Indirect: My father advised me to read more to do well in the exams.

vi) Direct: The teacher said, "Be attentive and listen to my lecture."

Indirect: The teacher advised to be attentive and listen to his lecture.

পড়তে পারেনঃ

Let দ্বারা শুরু Imperative sentence কে indirect করার নিয়মঃ

Rule -1: Reported speech টি Let দ্বারা শুরু হলে এবং ঐ speech টি দ্বারা "প্রস্তাব" বোঝালে নিম্ন নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।

a) Said এর পরিবর্তে Proposed হয়। Said এর পরে to থাকলে Proposed এর পরে to বসাতেও পারেন নাও পারেন। এরপরে object টি বসে।

b) That দ্বারা যোগ করতে হয় ৷

c) তারপরে Subject we/they লিখতে হয় ৷ এক্ষেত্রে reporting verb এর subject বা object কোনটি first person থাকলে reported speech এর subject হয় "We" আর reporting verb এর subject বা object এর মধ্যে কোনটিই first person না থাকলে reported speech এর subject হয় "They"

d) Subject নির্ণয় এর পরে should + V1 বসে।

e) Case/adverb পরিবর্তন করে বাকি অংশ বসে।

যেমন:

i) Direct: Sudip said to me, "Let us go to the mosque."

Indirect: Sudip proposed to me that we should go to the mosque.

ii) Direct: Rima said to Rini, "Let us solve the problem."

Indirect: Rima proposed Rini that they solve the problem.

Rule-2: Reported speech Let দ্বারা শুরু হলে এবং ঐ Speech টি দ্বারা "অনুমতি বা চাওয়া" বোঝালে নিম্ন নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।

a) Said এর পরিবর্তে told হয়।

b) That দ্বারা যোগ করতে হয়।

c) Reported speech টির পুর্বের person পরিবর্তন অনুযায়ী subject পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

d) might + V1 বসে।

e) Case/adverb পরিবর্তন করে বাকি অংশ বসে।

যেমন:

i) Direct: Samol said to Samoli, "Let me have some meal."

Indirect: Samol told Samoli that he might have some meal.

ii) Direct: Riya said to Piya, "Let them read the book."

Indirect: Riya told Piya that they might read the book.

Narration rules

Optative Sentence Narration করার নিয়মঃ

a) Said এর পরিবর্তে prayed/wished হয়। আর said এর পরে to থাকলে prayed এর পরে for বসে এবং তাৱপরে object টি বসে।

b) That দ্বারা যোগ করতে হয়।

c) Reported speech এর subject নির্ণয় করতে হয়।

d) May থাকলে বাদ যায় এবং might + V1 বসে।

e) Case/adverb পরিবর্তন করে বাকি অংশ লিখতে হয়।

N.B: Long live থাকলে live long হয়ে যায় ৷

Optative narration examples

i) Direct: Sumon said to Sumona, "May you shine in life."

Indirect: Sumon prayed for Sumona that she might shine in life.

ii) Direct: Polly said to Dolly, "May Allah help the poor."

Indirect: Polly prayed for Dolly that Allah might help the poor.

iii) Direct: Bolay said, "May you be happy in life."

Indirect: Bolay prayed that I might be happy in life.

iv) Direct: Shamim said, "Long live our leader."

Indirect: Shamim prayed that their leader might live long.

v) Direct: Shamima said, "Long live our president."

Indirect: Shamima prayed that their president might live long.

Exclamatory Sentence Narration করার নিয়মঃ

a) Said এর পরিবর্তে "আনন্দ" বোঝালে exclaimed with/in joy হয় এবং "দু্ঃখ" বোঝালে exclaimed with/in sorrow হয় ৷

b) That দ্বারা যোগ করতে হয়।

c) Reported speech এর subject পরিবর্তণ করতে হয়।

d) Reported speech এর verb পরিবর্তন করতে হয়।

c) বাকি অংশ বসে।

N.B: What, How ও Interjections বাদ যায়। আর Exclamatory sentence টি Assertive হয়ে যায় এবং শেষের বিষ্ময়সূচক চিহ্ন (!) টি বাদ যায় এবং ফুল স্টপ বসে। What ও How এর ক্ষেত্রে verb এর পরে very/great বসে।

Exclamatory narration examples

i) Direct: Pritha said, "What a fine bird it is!"

Indirect: Pritha exclaimed with joy that it was a very fine bird.

ii) Direct: Dolon said. "What an idiot he is!”

Indirect: Dolon exclaimed with sorrow that he was a great idiot.

Direct: Ashik said, "How talkative the girl is!"

Indirect: Ashik exclaimed with sorrow that the girl was very talkative.

vi) Asha said. “Alas! Her father has died."

Indirect: Asha exclaimed with sorrow that her father had died.

v) Direct: Akash said, "Hurrah! We have won the game."

Indirect: Akash exclaimed with joy that they had won the game.

Passage narration

Passage Narration করার নিয়মঃ

Rule-1: Assertive sentence এ একই ব্যক্তির পরপর তিনটি উক্তি থাকলে নিম্ন নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করতে হয।

a) প্রথম উক্তির ক্ষেত্রে Said এর পরিবর্তে said/told হয়।

b) দ্বিতীয় উক্তির ক্ষেত্রে Said এর পরিবর্তে added হয়।

c) তৃতীয় উক্তির ক্ষেত্রে said এর পরিবর্তে further added হয়।

d) That দ্বারা যোগ করতে হয়।

e) তারপর Assertive sentence এর পূর্ব নিয়মগুলো অনুসরণ করতে হয়।

N.B: প্রত্যেক উক্তির প্রথমে Reporting verb এর Subject লিখতে হয়। এক্ষেত্রে প্ৰথম বার Noun এবং পরবর্তী দ্বিতীয় বা তৃতীয় বার Pronoun লিখতে হয়। আর Reporting verb টি শেষে থাকলে প্রথমে আনতে হয়।

Passage narration exercise

a) Direct: Kamal said to me, “I am your best friend. I will help you in danger. You will always be attentive."

Indirect: Kamal told/said to me that he was my best friend. He added that he would help me in danger. He further added that I should/would be attentive always.

b) Direct: The teacher said to his student, "You are my dear student. You will work hard to make a good result. I will show you the way of making a good result."

Indirect: The teacher told/said to his student that he (S) was his dear student. He (T) added that he (S) would work hard to make a good result. He (T) further added that he (T) would show him the way of making a good result.

Rule-2: Interrogative sentence এ একই ব্যক্তির পরপর তিনটি উক্তি থাকলে নিম্ন নিয়মটি অনুসরণ করতে হয়।

a) প্রথম উক্তির ক্ষেত্রে said এর পরিবর্তে asked হয়।

b) দ্বিতীয় উক্তির ক্ষেত্রে said এর পরিবর্তে also asked হয়।

c) তৃতীয় উক্তির ক্ষেত্রে said এর পরিবর্তে again asked হয়।

d) If/WH words দ্বারা যোগ করতে হয়।

e) তারপর এর পূর্ব নিয়মগুলো অনুসরণ করতে হয়।

Narration exercise

a) Direct: The student said to his teacher, "Are you sick today? Will you go to Khulna for treatment tomorrow? When will I meet you? "

Indirect: The student asked his teacher if he (T) was sick that day. He (S) also asked him if he (T) would go to Khulna for treatment the next day. He (S) again asked when he (S) would meet him (T).

b) Direct: Kamal said to Kima, "Do you study more? Will you want to make a good result? How can I help you? "

Indirect: Kamal asked Kimai if she studied more. He also asked her if she would want to make a good result. He again asked how he could help her.

Rule-3: Reported Speech এর প্রথমে Yes থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে Replied in the affirmative হয় এবং Yes এর পরে কোন উক্তি থাকলে Replied in the affirmative এর পরে and said that বসে।

Passage narration example

i) Direct: He said to Mumu, "Have you done the work timely?" "Yes, I have done" said Mumu.

Indirect: He asked Mumu if she had done the work timely. Mumu replied in the affirmative and said that she had done.

ii) Direct: Monir said to Monira, "Did you finish the work yesterday?" "Yes, I finished." Monira said.

Indirect: Monir asked Monira if she had finished the work the previous day. Monira replied in the affirmative and said that she had finished.

Rule-4: Reported Speech এর প্রথমে No থাকলে said এর পরিবর্তে Replied in the negative হয় এবং No এর পরে কোন উক্তি থাকলে Replied in the negative এর পরে said that বসে।

Passage narration example

a) Direct: Sharifa said to Sharif, "Will you go to market today?" "No, I will go to college.”

Indirect: Sharifa asked Sharif if he would go to market that day. Sharif replied in the negative and said that he would go to college.

b) Direct: Kazoli said to Sazol, "Have you finished the home work?" "No, I have another task" Sazol said.

Indirect: Kazoli asked Sazol if he had finished the home work. Sazol replied in the negative and said that he had another task.

Rule-5: Reported Speech এ Sir থাকল Reporting verb ও object লেখার পর respectfully

লিখতে হয়।

Passage narration example

Direct: Aman said to his teacher, "Sir, I am very happy to hear the news."

Indirect: Aman told his teacher respectfully that he was very happy to hear the news.

Rule-6: Reported Speech এ কোন সম্বোধন উল্লেখ থাকলে নিম্ন নিয়ম:

a) Addressing বসে।

b) সন্বোধন এর object form বসে।

c) as বসে।

d) সম্ভোধনমূলক word টি বসে ।

e) কমা বসে।

f) Reported Speech টি indirect হয়ে বসে।

Passage narration example

Direct: "Are you ready to go now, friends?” Said Saiful.

Indirect: Addressing them as friends, Saiful asked if they were ready to go then.

Rule-7: Reporting verb এর সাথে Present participle phrase উল্লেখ থাকলে এই অংশটুকু indirect করার সময় Reporting verb এর পূর্বে প্রথমে বসে।

Passage narration example

a) Direct: "When will you meet me?" Promi said, finishing the work.

Indirect: Finishing the work, Promi asked when I would/should meet her.

b) "I will go to market." My brother said, doing the work.

Doing the work, my brother said that he would go to market.

Rule-8: Reported Speech এ Thank you থাকলে Indirect করার সময় said এর পরিবর্তে thanked হয়, Good morning, Good afternoon, Good evening, Good night থাকলে wished হয়, আর Good bye থাকলে bade হয় এবং Thank you বাদে বাকি Phrase গুলো Reporting verb ও object লেখার পরে বসে যায়।

Passage narration example

a) Direct: He said to me, "Thank you."

Indirect: He thanked me.

b) Direct: I said to him, "Good afternoon."

Indirect: I wished him good afternoon.

c) Direct: He said, " Good bye my friends.

Indirect: He bade his friends good bye.

Rule-9: Reported Speech এ Must থাকলে Indirect করার সময় Must এর পরিবর্তে সাধারণত had to হয়, First Person এ Must কোন ভবিষ্যৎ কাজের দ্বারা বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝাতে would have to হয় আর চিরকালীন বাধ্যবাধকতা বোঝাতে Must এর কোন পরিবর্তন হয় না।

Passage narration example

i) Tisha said, “I must send a message."

Indirect: Tisha said that she had to send a message.

ii) Ashik said, "We must leave the house if the rent is increased."

Indirect: Ashik said that they would have to leave the house if the rent was increased.

iii) Direct: Teacher said to his student, "You must obey your parents."

Indirect: Teacher said to his student that he must obey his father.

Rule-10: Direct Speech এর শুরুতে যদি By Allah/by Jove/by God/by my life ইত্যাদি থাকে তাহলে Indirect করার সময় প্রথমে ঐ word গুলোর পূর্বে Swearing + by + word গুলো বসে।